Kathmandu— A United Nations committee has raised serious concerns about discrimination and violence in India, urging the country to address hate crimes against Bengali-speaking Muslims and improve protections for tribal peoples and lower castes. The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) highlighted reports of extrajudicial killings, torture, and arbitrary detention perpetrated by law enforcement officials against various groups during a review earlier this month – the first since 2007. While India maintains it is committed to equality and opportunity for all citizens, CERD’s findings carry significant reputational weight despite being non-binding.

Concerns Over Law Enforcement Abuses

The committee expressed grave concern over reports of widespread violations by law enforcement against ethnic and ethno-religious groups, Indigenous peoples, Scheduled Castes (including Dalits), and non-citizens. These alleged abuses include racially motivated violence, excessive force, extrajudicial killings, arbitrary detention, torture, ill-treatment, and sexual violence. CERD specifically called for thorough investigations into these claims and accountability for those responsible.

Focus on Vulnerable Groups

CERD highlighted the ongoing issue of caste discrimination in India, noting its impact on access to resources, education, and opportunities. The committee also pointed to an increase in law enforcement operations targeting Rohingya refugees, Bengali-speaking Muslims, migrants, and asylum seekers, with reports suggesting racial profiling leading to arbitrary arrests and mistreatment. Concerns were raised about deportations and forced returns of individuals who may require international protection.

India’s Response

During the review process, India's delegation – led by Solicitor General Tushar Mehta – emphasized the country’s diversity, constitutional safeguards, and commitment to ensuring equality for all citizens. In a statement following the release of CERD’s findings, India’s mission reiterated these points, framing its efforts as an ongoing journey toward inclusivity.

CERD's Mandate and Influence

The UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination is comprised of 18 independent experts who monitor compliance with the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination. The convention, which came into effect in 1969, requires signatory countries to eliminate racial discrimination, end segregation practices, and guarantee equal treatment under the law. While CERD’s recommendations are not legally binding, they carry significant weight due to the committee's international standing.

CERD’s report serves as a call for India to strengthen its efforts in protecting vulnerable groups and addressing systemic discrimination within its legal framework.

(With inputs from Al Jazeera)

Originally published on abcnews.com.np.