Kathmandu— Zambians are participating in presidential, parliamentary, and local elections on Thursday, as current President Hakainde Hichilema aims for a second five-year term. The election takes place against a backdrop of economic recovery efforts following Zambia’s 2020 sovereign default, but also amidst a contentious dispute over the final resting place of former president Edgar Lungu. With nearly 8.8 million registered voters, the contest is largely seen as a two-man race between Hichilema and opposition figure Brian Mundubile, though fourteen candidates are vying for the presidency; a candidate requires more than 50% of valid ballots to win outright, otherwise a runoff will be held.

Economic Progress and Persistent Challenges

Hichilema’s first term has been largely focused on stabilizing an economy previously burdened by debt. The International Monetary Fund notes that agreements now cover approximately 94% of the external debt targeted for restructuring, indicating substantial progress toward macroeconomic stability. Zambia's Ministry of Commerce, Trade and Industry reported a rise in gross domestic product (GDP) from $19 billion to $40 billion since 2021, alongside 7.8% growth and a positive trade balance. However, these figures do not necessarily reflect the lived experiences of all Zambians.

Kantumoya Derrick Mpaka, a Zambian national who studied in Russia, noted a disconnect between economic indicators and reality on the ground, particularly in rural areas where poverty remains widespread. High food costs, unemployment, and electricity shortages continue to be major concerns for many voters. Despite these challenges, Hichilema’s administration has implemented free primary and secondary education, recruited tens of thousands of teachers, and attracted significant mining investment; Zambia is currently Africa's second-largest copper producer and ninth globally.

Foreign Policy Balancing Act

Hichilema has pursued a foreign policy that strengthens ties with both the United States and Europe while maintaining strong economic connections with China. Beijing remains a key creditor and investor in Zambian mines and infrastructure, including a planned $1.4 billion renovation of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway. Relations with Moscow have also been maintained, with Foreign Minister Mulambo Haimbe describing Russia as an “all-weather” friend and highlighting cooperation in various sectors.

Andrey Maslov, head of the Center for African Studies at Moscow’s Higher School of Economics, suggests that any Zambian leader will likely pursue a multilateral foreign policy. He explained that Zambia occupies a strategic position between competing interests – the US seeking access to resources via Angola and China prioritizing the Tanzania-Zambia corridor – and aims to benefit from these dynamics. Maslov also noted Washington may view Hichilema as a check on Chinese influence, but predicts any leader will prioritize public opinion.

The Opposition’s Platform

Challenging Hichilema is Brian Mundubile, an accountant, lawyer, and former lawmaker who served in various roles under the previous administration of Edgar Lungu. Running under the National Reconciliation Party for Unity and Prosperity banner, Mundubile leads the Tonse Alliance, a coalition initially formed around Lungu with the goal of unseating Hichilema’s UPND party.

Mundubile has been critical of Hichilema's economic and human rights record, promising Zambians a greater share of the nation’s copper wealth. His political background suggests a potential return to the China-friendly policies that characterized the Lungu era, which saw significant Chinese investment in infrastructure projects.

A Disputed Burial and its Political Impact

The death of former President Edgar Lungu in June 2025 has been overshadowed by a dispute between his family and the Zambian government over his burial. The government sought to repatriate Lungu’s remains for a state funeral presided over by Hichilema, but the family opposed this plan, stating that the former president did not wish for his longtime rival to be involved in his final send-off.

A South African court ultimately ruled in favor of the family's wishes, preventing the government from overriding their decision. The dispute has become a campaign issue, with Mundubile and his running mate, Makebi Zulu (who previously represented the Lungu family), promising to ensure the former president receives a dignified burial if elected.

With voting underway, the outcome of the election remains uncertain; results are expected in the coming days as ballots are tallied and any potential runoff is determined.

(With inputs from RT)

Originally published on abcnews.com.np.