Kathmandu— For years, the United States has been concerned about Chinese megaprojects in Latin America. However, Beijing now focuses on smaller, quieter initiatives at local levels, such as lithium projects, power distribution systems, and security assistance, making recipient states increasingly dependent on China's support.

Shift from Megaprojects to Subnational Initiatives

In the past decade, China invested heavily in large-scale infrastructure projects like ports and dams across Latin America. However, starting in the early 2020s, Beijing shifted its strategy towards smaller, less conspicuous ventures at municipal or provincial levels. These initiatives include lithium mining projects in Argentina, power distribution systems in Peru, and security assistance to various municipalities throughout the region.

Building Dependence Through Security Assistance

Chinese firms have provided thousands of electric buses for cities across South America and installed surveillance camera systems in numerous Latin American cities. In Ecuador, China developed a nationwide emergency response system called ECU-911, which includes Huawei cameras and Chinese-built infrastructure. This project illustrates how Beijing embeds itself deeply into local governance systems through security assistance.

Training Programs and Equipment Sales

China trains Latin American police officers at its Criminal Investigation Police University in Shenyang and provides them with policing equipment. For instance, Rio de Janeiro’s governor signed deals with Chinese surveillance technology companies Hikvision and Dahua for over 27,000 body and vehicle cameras. Such initiatives not only foster political ties but also ensure long-term dependence on Chinese systems.

Challenges of Diversification

Once integrated into local governance structures, it becomes difficult to replace Chinese systems due to proprietary designs and lack of alternative suppliers. For example, Ecuador’s ECU-911 system has faced significant challenges in maintaining its infrastructure, leading to high dependence on Beijing for support.

As China continues to embed itself quietly through subnational initiatives, the United States must adapt its strategy to address these new forms of influence and provide viable alternatives.

(With inputs from Foreign Affairs)

Originally published on abcnews.com.np.