Kathmandu— Saudi Arabia announced the formal launch of a multinational maritime security alliance on Thursday, bringing together thirteen countries to safeguard freedom of navigation in the Red Sea, Bab al-Mandeb Strait, and Gulf of Aden. The coalition—including Bahrain, Bangladesh, Egypt, Jordan, Kuwait, Pakistan, Qatar, Somalia, Sudan, Turkey, Yemen, Djibouti, and the Comoros—was established as a framework for collective maritime defense cooperation amid increasing threats to commercial shipping in the region, particularly from Iran-backed Houthi fighters in Yemen. The initiative seeks to address concerns over potential disruptions to global trade routes and escalating regional instability following recent conflicts.

Alliance Formation and Membership

The Saudi Ministry of Defence revealed that fifteen countries initially signed a declaration of intent, with thirteen completing the necessary procedures to officially join the coalition as of August 13. The ministry described the alliance as open to any nation aligning with its goals and principles, and indicated it continues to receive applications for membership. Rear Admiral Abdullah bin Salem Al-Shehri has been appointed commander of the coalition, tasked with overseeing joint naval defense efforts, coordinating with member states and other maritime coalitions, and executing missions outlined in the coalition’s charter.

Regional Security Concerns

The formation of this alliance comes amidst heightened tensions in the Gulf region, exacerbated by ongoing conflicts and attacks on critical infrastructure. Saudi-flagged vessels traversing the Bab al-Mandeb Strait, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden have faced repeated attacks from Houthi fighters based in Yemen. These incidents raise fears that the vital waterway—a major supply route—could be blocked, significantly impacting global trade and energy markets. The coalition aims to deter further aggression and ensure the continued flow of commerce through these strategic waters.

Expert Analysis: Effectiveness Remains Key

While the alliance represents a significant step towards bolstering regional maritime security, its ultimate success hinges on practical implementation, according to Ahmed Nagi, Senior Analyst for Yemen at the International Crisis Group. “We have seen several maritime security initiatives before… many struggled to translate their objectives into tangible results on the ground,” he told Al Jazeera. He emphasized that the coalition must move beyond agreements and commitments to demonstrate concrete action in addressing threats to navigation. Nagi also noted that Saudi Arabia aims to frame Houthi attacks as a global issue, rather than solely a national concern.

Saudi Arabia's Strategic Objectives

Beyond deterring Houthi attacks, the alliance serves as an attempt by Riyadh to share the responsibility for protecting its interests and international shipping lanes. Saudi Arabia seeks broader international involvement in addressing the disruptions caused by the Houthis in the Red Sea. Currently, the coalition is described as largely defensive; however, officials have indicated that a more direct response may be considered if attacks persist. The overarching goal is to raise the cost of Houthi aggression and establish a stronger deterrent against future actions.

The alliance will continue to develop its operational framework and seek further international participation in the coming months, with member states planning joint exercises and intelligence sharing to enhance maritime security in the region.

(With inputs from Al Jazeera)

Originally published on abcnews.com.np.