Kathmandu— Nepal has seen a remarkable increase in its Bengal tiger population, rising from 121 in 2010 to 429 currently. However, this conservation success is accompanied by an escalating number of human-tiger conflicts, particularly in the Chitwan region, where two men were attacked in August alone – one fatally. While authorities categorize these incidents as human-wildlife conflict, they represent significant loss and hardship for local families, raising questions about the sustainability of current conservation practices.

Increasing Attacks Signal Conservation Gaps

Recent data reveals a concerning pattern of tiger attacks within Nepal’s forest areas and buffer zones. Studies indicate that 90 percent of attacks occur in forested regions, with 69.4 percent taking place specifically within buffer zones. Chitwan National Park accounts for nearly half of all reported attacks, suggesting specific locations where human-tiger interactions are frequent. These figures underscore a critical need to address the factors driving these encounters and improve safety measures for communities living near tiger habitats.

Captivity Not A Sustainable Solution

Current government practices focus on capturing problematic tigers and placing them in holding centers, which officials deem necessary when human life is threatened. However, this approach isn’t considered a long-term solution. Currently, eight tigers are held in captivity within Chitwan alone, with approximately 16 ‘problematic’ tigers nationwide. Continued reliance on capture could lead to an unsustainable number of captive animals and strain available resources. While the Chitwan Tiger Sanctuary offers more natural conditions for rescued tigers, authorities must prioritize careful handling given the potential danger these animals pose.

Strengthening Community Safety And Support

Effective conservation requires more than just awareness campaigns; it demands tangible physical security measures for vulnerable communities. Improved management of protected area boundaries and buffer zones is crucial, as habitat fragmentation can drive tigers into human settlements. Restoration of wildlife corridors and provision of natural prey habitats could also alleviate pressure on tiger populations. Furthermore, timely compensation for deaths or injuries, along with medical expenses and livelihood assistance, are essential to ensure local communities do not disproportionately bear the costs of conservation efforts.

Shifting Focus Towards Coexistence

Experts suggest that Nepal’s current methods of gauging conservation success need reevaluation. The government should prioritize coexistence between humans and tigers alongside population growth numbers. Early warning mechanisms, regular monitoring of tiger movements, rapid response teams, and enhanced safety protocols are all vital components of a comprehensive strategy. Disseminating timely information about wildlife movement to individuals venturing into forests for resources is also critical.

The Nepalese government faces the ongoing challenge of balancing tiger conservation with the safety and well-being of its citizens, requiring a shift towards more sustainable coexistence strategies and increased support for affected communities.

(With inputs from RN)

Originally published on abcnews.com.np.