Kathmandu— Traditional crop varieties in Nepal are disappearing as farmers increasingly adopt hybrid seeds promising higher yields and easier access, raising concerns about the loss of a vital part of the nation's cultural heritage and long-term food security. A shrinking number of young people remaining in agriculture contributes to a knowledge gap regarding the preservation of these indigenous seeds, which have been passed down through generations. While hybrid crops offer short-term gains, indigenous varieties are known for their climate resilience, nutritional benefits, and adaptation to local conditions.

The Decline of Traditional Farming

Farmers in Nepal are increasingly drawn to hybrid crop varieties due to their higher yields and ready availability, leading to a decline in the cultivation of traditional, indigenous seeds. This shift is compounded by a generational change, with fewer young people choosing farming as a profession and migrating for foreign employment. The departure of experienced farmers creates a critical gap in knowledge needed to preserve these time-tested seed varieties.

Indigenous Seeds: Resilience and Nutrition

Indigenous crops and seeds are not merely part of Nepal’s heritage; they are crucial for ensuring food security, particularly in the face of climate change. These varieties have adapted over generations to thrive in diverse geographical and climatic conditions, demonstrating resilience to soil type, drought, and other local challenges. Beyond their adaptability, indigenous crops offer superior nutritional benefits and possess unique local flavors, aromas, and textures that appeal to consumers.

Community and Institutional Conservation Efforts

Efforts to conserve indigenous seeds require a combined approach from both communities and institutions. Seed banks and gene banks play a vital role in collecting, documenting, and safely storing these valuable varieties. In Dhankuta, for example, a new gene bank is being established in collaboration with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), having already collected around 70 varieties of more than 25 crop species, including indigenous paddy, pumpkin, beans, and other staples.

Policy Support and Market Creation

Collecting seeds alone isn’t enough to ensure their survival; government policies are needed to incentivize farmers to cultivate indigenous crops. This includes providing access to fertilizers, modern farming technology, and crucially, creating a market for their produce. The growing popularity of organic, locally-sourced products in urban centers—such as pulses, grains, and apples from Humla, Jumla, and Mustang—demonstrates the potential for building demand and supporting farmers.

The preservation of Nepal’s indigenous seeds is essential not only for maintaining agricultural biodiversity but also for achieving long-term food security and resilience in a changing climate. Continued collaboration between communities, institutions, and the government will be crucial to reversing the trend of declining cultivation.

(With inputs from RN)

Originally published on abcnews.com.np.