Kathmandu— Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim recently stated he views Taiwan as an integral part of China, prompting discussion about a potential shift in Malaysia’s long-held non-aligned foreign policy stance. The remarks, made during an interview with Al Jazeera, were praised by Beijing but condemned by Taipei, which warned they could damage Taiwanese business confidence in Malaysia. Anwar also addressed regional security concerns, calling for bolstered defenses in Sabah amid the development of US military facilities in the Philippines, further fueling speculation about a realignment away from Western partners.

Controversial Taiwan Comments

Anwar Ibrahim’s assertion that he sees Taiwan “as part of China, period” has drawn scrutiny given Malaysia's traditional policy of neutrality. He added this view was “accepted by all,” and when pressed on potential Chinese military action against Taiwan, drew a parallel to how Malaysia would respond to a secessionist movement within its own borders – with force to “protect the sanctity and unity of” the nation. This stance contrasts with many nations’ calls for peaceful resolution of cross-strait tensions.

China's Support and Taiwan's Concerns

The Chinese government welcomed Anwar’s comments, reiterating its claim that Taiwan is an inalienable part of China and asserting its intention to pursue reunification. Conversely, the Taiwanese government expressed strong disapproval, warning that such one-sided support for Beijing could deter investment from Taiwanese businesses, particularly within Malaysia's vital semiconductor industry. Taiwan is a major investor in Malaysia’s crucial semiconductor sector.

Defense Posture and Regional Security

Beyond Taiwan, Anwar has also emphasized the need to strengthen Malaysia’s defenses in Sabah, citing the development of US-backed military facilities in the Philippines as justification for increased spending. The Philippine government is upgrading installations on Balabac Island, located close to Malaysian islands, under a defense agreement with Washington. This move comes amidst an ongoing territorial dispute between Manila and Kuala Lumpur over Sabah, which Malaysia has consistently rejected.

Analysts Debate Strategic Realignment

While some observers interpret Anwar’s remarks as evidence of a pro-China tilt, others argue they represent a continuation of existing policy or pragmatic considerations. Chee Meng Tan, an assistant professor at the University of Nottingham Malaysia, pointed out that recognizing Taiwan as part of China dates back to 1974. Daniel Loebell, a PhD student at Northwestern University, suggested Anwar’s position reflects a realist understanding of territorial integrity and a belief in the PRC's right to maintain control within its borders. Loebell also noted Malaysia’s continued economic ties with both China and the United States, suggesting it is unlikely to fully align with any single power.

Balancing Act: Defense Ties and Economic Interests

Despite growing Chinese investment – Beijing is now Malaysia's largest trade partner – Malaysia continues to maintain strong defense relationships with Western powers through frameworks like the Five Powers Defence Arrangements (FPDA). This multilateral security framework, which also includes Singapore, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, provides a quiet deterrent in the disputed South China Sea where Malaysia is a claimant state. Analysts suggest this demonstrates Malaysia’s attempt to balance its economic ties with China while preserving crucial defense partnerships.

Anwar Ibrahim is scheduled to visit China in September, which may provide further insight into the direction of Malaysia's foreign policy and its approach to regional security issues.

(With inputs from Al Jazeera)

Originally published on abcnews.com.np.